Military Boll History - 1080 Words

Hunter Dumas Pablo Martinez 3/5/12 The ROTC Military Ball has been around for a while. It is a requirement each year done on the military’s birthday to show respect and have a celebration. It consists of basically 6 rules: Protocol information, Receiving line, posting of the colors, Pow/MIA ceremony, Toasts, Dinner, Guest Speaker and the dance. Depending on the Military force depends on the date. National Guard: December 16, 1636, U.S. Army: June 14, 1775, U.S. Navy: October 13, 1775 (Abolished Feb 1781 - Reinstated 7 Sep 1781), U.S. Marine Corps: November 10, 1775, U.S. Coast Guard: August 4, 1790, U.S. Air Force: September 17, 1947. The Military Ball has a proper†¦show more content†¦Each year we celebrate the volunteerism, spirit and personal contributions that military personnel give to Coronado. In establishing the Ball, the founders set several goals. First, to include commanders and a deserving junior officer of active duty organizations stationed at Naval Base Coronado. Secondly, it was important that about half of the attendees be appreciative citizens, and that any resident of Coronado have the opportunity to attend the Ball. Additionally, they recognized the importance of assets necessary to make this recognition possible. For centuries our men and women in uniform have defended the freedom we all enjoy. Today they do so at great sacrifice. We are in a struggle to maintain democratic principles and basic human rights in the face of a determined and ruthless enemy. The current conflict is worldwide and may be the most difficult we have ever faced. In â€Å"Honoring Those Who Serve† we sal ute this effort, the toll it has taken, and the courage, determination and spirit that is evident in those who carry the load. We also grimly recognize that we must not fail. The elusive victory may not be certain, but the future we hold dear rests on valiant shoulders ... the American Soldier, Sailor, Marine and Airman in uniform.† These were examples of how history comes differently in the military ball’s of different military forces and how strongly they celebrate. As you can see these Navy Seals do greatly appreciate the militaryShow MoreRelatedWW1 AND WW23134 Words   |  13 PagesCongress to declare war against the Central Powers in World War I? a. anti-German propaganda in the United States b. attacks on American merchant ships c. sinking of the Lusitania d. Zimmermann telegram _____332) At which Georgia military installation did infantry train in World War I? a. Camp Augusta b. Camp Benning c. Camp Gordon d. 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The Effects Of Drunk Driving On The Road Of Driving

Oluwaseyi Isola Prof. Laura Baltuska English 101-015 29 November, 2016 Under the Influence Is Under Arrest What is one of the most evil and deadly acts? Drunk-driving? Oh no! These two words together are uncordial behaviors. The crime of driving a vehicle or operating a motorized machine while under the influence of alcohol is totally against the law of the land, but some people still won’t stop. Is there any gain in drunk-driving than loss of lives, loss of driving privileges, and property—vehicles? One-third of traffic deaths involve alcohol-impaired driving (MADD). Therefore, a behavior that involves a tiny proportion of drivers is one of the key causes of death on the roads. This is an indication that retaining the licenses of drivers involved in drunk driving is not enough to deter drunk driving because some people in this category are still driving even though their licenses have been suspended or revoked. For this reason, it is necessary to adopt more strict measures to deal with the problem. In particular, drunk driving can be prevented through the use of ignition in terlock systems and sobriety checkpoints at an individual level while a school-based instructional program can help to prevent the problem at a community level. To begin with, drunk-driving is a serious menace to Americans on the road, as it contributes to a large number of traffic deaths and injuries. In 2012, for instance, over 10,000 people lost their lives from crashes attributed to drunk driving.Show MoreRelatedDrunk Drivers Should Not Be Banned1279 Words   |  6 Pagesa large amount of drunk driving accidents almost every year there are drunk drivers getting away and not having any harsh consequences.Drunk driving has killed over hundreds of citizens due to the mistakes by over intoxicated drivers. 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Collaboration and Performance in Markets †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Collaboration and Performance in Markets. Answer: Introduction: The question seeks an explicit description of numerous advantages that companies such as Tata apply to transform into large industrial conglomerates. According to Alfaro and Chen (2014), a conglomerate company is a term used to define a highly differentiated field company. Typically, a conglomerate company operates two or more different business lines under a single and unified corporate structure. Initially, Tata was established as a textile company, but later expanded to include various business operations such as schools and steel production among other operations. Tata has gradually been increasing its dominance of the Indian market since 1990s enabling it to develop an extensive business network that include expanded production resources and large capital among others. According to Buckley and Ghauri (2004), big companies such as Tata employs various advantages to remain large industrial conglomerates. Some of these advantages include increased access to capital under favourable terms from financial institutions (Buckley and Ghauri, 2004). This has allowed Tata to expand its operations and transform into a massive industrial conglomerate. Tata also banks on its strong corporate image to sustain its strong business connections with numerous high-quality market partners. As a result of this positive corporate image, Tata has been able to develop and maintain its good relationships with both national and state governments in the country (India). Besides, Tata has a very competitive cost structure that is generally attributed to Indias low cost labour. The company has also been able to achieve this low cost structure through using its subsidiary companies such as Tata steel to provide necessary raw materials for its manufacturing processes. Moreover, Tata banks on Indias high tech talent and large mineral resource bases that have increase its competitive advantage among other international business competitors. The company has similarly developed a strong interdependence relationship with the Indian Government, a cooperation that is instrumental in a socialist economic system like Indias. This, among other advantages discussed have helped Tata to transform into a large industrial conglomerate. The question is asking about how Tata can uses the above stipulated advantages to flourish especially in foreign markets. Since Tata has vast access to both financial and human resources, and on relatively favourable terms, the company can use such advantages to attain pertinent data and information in the market. Moreover, according to Dunning and Lundan (2008), large and quality capital requirement for entry into the automobile industry in emerging markets implies that Tata has an upper hand given its massive financial resources. Such advantages will enable Tata to better understand the operations and need of the foreign markets by tailoring their products and strategies to heighten their market success. Moreover, Tata could also use its past rich market experiences and vast operational knowledge to increase its chances of success in foreign markets. The companys various business sectors such as Tata steel could also be used to facilitate the production of high-quality products to enable Tata to reduce its operational costs in its foreign market activities. Besides, given the companys well-established business connection with high-quality market partners, it can easily reduce associated risks and capital requirements in foreign markets. Tata could also use such connections to develop and sustain good relationships with governments and other important market players. This could enable them to successfully overcome infrastructural-related challenges among other associated problems especially in foreign markets. Tata has used these advantages and many others to grow its reputation and to further expand its access in other established markets such as the U.S and Europe. Undeniably, Tata has also been able to use its advantages such as low cost labour and presence of relevant professionals to surpass some of its close global market competitors. For example, the company can use the low-cost labour structure in Indonesia to manufacture more cheap cars. The company aim at cementing its already strong production capacity in emerging markets. Moreover, Tata, together with its long years of market experience, aim at remaining a global business leader. This question seeks to explore the relationship between trade barriers, bure aucracy, country risk and the advent of Tata as an important player in global trade. Irrefutably, according to location theory of internalization, the location of production is based on factors such as trade barriers, high tariffs and related costs of operations among others (Keller and Yeaple, 2009). For example, most multinational companies fear operating in countries that do practice repressive bureaucracy such as India. Similarly, authoritarian trade restrictions and unnecessary political influences could significantly affect operations of a multinational company. According to Kim et al. (2015), a bureaucratic system of governance may occasionally introduce certain trade barriers that may increase the risk of doing business in a particular country. Throughout its operations, Tata has always followed strict government legislations and laid-down standards of operations. These government legislations and issues include various trade barriers, government interferences and the associated risks in the respective countries of operations. The inherent ability of Tata to remain efficient in India, a market that is crammed with numerous trade barriers, business regulations and various government interventions is commendable. In India, importation has to receive special government approval given the numerous import tariffs on vehicle parts and components among other commodities. Political influence from the West Bengal Politicos have resulted into widespread labour unrests further paralysing Tatas operations in certain parts of India. This question aim at examining the specific role of decreasing government intervention in Tatas global market success especially in India and the ability of the company to sustain its internalization efforts. According to Madhok and Keyhani (2012), every corporation wishes for a market system where most of the operations in the marketplace are conducted freely and the respective governments rarely intervenes resulting into reasonably balanced market conditions. A market with decreased government intervention stresses on the existence of minimal externalities, and that related external costs are adequately controlled. According to Goldstein (2009), decreasing government control implies that the forces of demand and supply are allowed to control market conditions. Indeed, the Indian government has for a very long time been discouraging international trade and imposing repressive trade restrictions and unnecessary bureaucracy. For example, the Indian government and state-owned enterprises for e very long time influenced various procurement activities among corporations operating in the country. However, some of these high trade barriers were loosened in the 1990s enabling Tata to increase its international trade operations in India. For instance, Tata started producing cars in joint ventures with various companies around the world such as Fiat and Daimler-Benze. The company also acquired a 30% stake in an Indonesian Coal mining company to sustain its power plant in India. Correspondingly, the company is taking advantage of its family conglomerate business networks to strengthen its market position as a major government supplier. In general, decreased government intervention rejuvenated Tatas global market operational successes particularly in India. The company has been able to sustain its internalization efforts majorly through joint ventures and diversification of its production processes. This question seeks to scrutinise the growth rates and other specific features of emerging markets, and such markets that Tata should target to sell its products and why. Ideally, Tata should target markets comprising of comparatively large sectors of low-income consumers to sell their products. According to Shrader (2011), emerging markets are majorly characterised by larger populations and stabilizing economies. Also, income levels in such countries are increasing steadily, and this implies that an increase in disposable income and purchasing powers. Some of the emerging markets that Tata Company should target include Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia markets that have a rising population of middle income earners. These countries also have expanding per-capita incomes, and this implies an increase in purchasing powers which is good for a company like Tata. The increased purchasing powers can be attributed to the increase in income level among many households in these emerging markets. Thus, due to enhanced disposable incomes, many families in these emerging markets can manage to comfortably purchase cheap Tata Cars. This is because most of Tatas products are charged moderately low compared to other related merchandises. Another reason why Tata should target the aforementioned countries is that there is a large population of motorcycle-driving customers that could really make use of cheaper Tata cars. For example, in Indonesia, there is an increase need for alternative transportation system aside from the famous motorcycles that are generally family-oriented. Therefore, Tata should offer these consumers in the mentioned emerging markets cheaper Nano cars to further facilitate their movements. Tata should also take advantage of increased brand recognition especially after its acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover to venture into these emerging markets. Therefore, Tata Company should feel more confident investing in these identified emerging markets to capitalize on their massive economic growth among other potentials. The question is asking about such country-level issues that Tata should take under consideration to evaluate the prospective of different emerging markets, and how such factors can possibly affect its operations. Some of the country-level factors that the company should consider in its evaluation of the prospective of various emerging markets include per-capita income and the population of the middle class. Also, the company should comprehensively evaluate the market size of the emerging markets to ascertain whether such markets are feasible for international operations. Besides, the company should determine the intensity of the market operations and the rate of market growth. Other factors include market consumption capacity, commercial infrastructural developments, economic liberty, market receptivity and country risk. For instance, violent protests from the surrounding communities can significantly affect the production activities of a particular company. Therefore, before investing in a particular country, Tata should closely scrutinize these country-level issues that can seriously influence its operations if not properly mitigated. This question seeks to establish how Tata can advance its CSR initiatives towards future consumers in emerging markets as it prepares to expand its international operations. According to McWilliams and Siegel (2011), CSR is increasingly being perceived by many companies as a creative opportunity to increase their competitive advantage and implementation of organizational objectives. Research by Slack (2012) further stipulate that CSR is a companys direct involvement in the welfare and interest of consumers and other stakeholders. As such, to enhance its corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards its future consumers particularly in emerging markets, Tata should direct immense investments towards raising educational standards, health promotion and various grass root agricultural development projects. For instance, Tata Steel should increase its investments on irrigation schemes to allow farmers in emerging markets to increase their agricultural productive capacities. The company should also build schools and hospitals among other projects in emerging markets as part of their CSR initiatives. These charitable activities among others will help Tata to capture and sustain large consumer bases in the emerging markets. For instance, through its affiliate company Miljo Grenland, the company is currently producing electric cars called Indica that are environmentally friendly. These production of these eco-friendly cars should also be extended in the emerging markets to further plummet the companys position in international operations. This question aim at determining some of the actions that Tata should undertake to minimize the impact of its operations on nature in Asia and in other parts of the world. According to Kolk and Van Tulder (2010), a comprehensive CSR can significantly improve the effectiveness of an organization especially when dealing with external conflicts such as environmental protection. Some of the common CSR initiatives that Tata can apply include improving it organizational operations and creating self-protection awareness among its consumer bases (McWilliams and Siegel, 2011). Specifically, from the case study, to minimize the possible impact of Tatas operations on the natural environment in Asia and in other parts of the world, the company should consider applying various eco-friendly energy such as a reduction in the use of wood-burning stove by introducing solar lanterns. The company should also introduce more low-cost solar-powered electronics such as refrigerators and water pumps to further minimize the impacts of its operation on the natural environment. Overall, such initiatives will enable Tata to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and operate in a relatively clean environment. References Alfaro, L. and Chen, M. X. (2014) The global agglomeration of multinational firms, Journal of International Economics, 94(2), 263-276. Buckley, P. J. and Ghauri, P. N. (2004) Globalisation, economic geography and the strategy of multinational enterprises, Journal of International Business Studies, 35(2), 81-98. Dunning, J. H. and Lundan, S. M. (2008) Multinational enterprises and the global economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Goldstein, A. (2009) Multinational companies from emerging economies composition, conceptualization direction in the global economy, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 137-147. Goldstein, A. (2009). Multinational companies from emerging economies composition, conceptualization direction in the global economy. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 137-147. Keller, W. and Yeaple, S. R. (2009) Multinational enterprises, international trade, and productivity growth: firm-level evidence from the United States, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(4), 821-831. Kim, H., Hoskisson, R. E. and Lee, S. H. (2015). Why strategic factor markets matter:New multinationals' geographic diversification and firm profitability, Strategic Management Journal, 36(4), 518-536. Kolk, A. and Van Tulder, R. (2010) International business, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, International business review,19(2), pp.119-125. Madhok, A. and Keyhani, M. (2012). Acquisitions as entrepreneurship: asymmetries, opportunities, and the internationalization of multinationals from emerging economies, Global Strategy Journal, 2(1), 26-40. McWilliams, A. and Siegel, D.S. (2011) Creating and capturing value: Strategic corporate social responsibility, resource-based theory, and sustainable competitive advantage, Journal of Management,37(5), pp.1480-1495. Shrader, R.C. (2011) Collaboration and Performance in Foreign Markets: The Case of Young High-Technology Manufacturing Firms, Academy of Management Journal 44(1): 45-60. Slack, K. (2012) Mission impossible?: Adopting a CSR-based business model for extractive industries in developing countries, Resources Policy,37(2), pp.179-184.

Islamic Banking Essays - Credit, Islamic Banking And Finance

Islamic Banking INTRODUCTION The basic concept of Islamic banking which is also known as 'interest-free banking' is based on basic ethical standards with just one main difference- Muslims are not allowed to pay or receive interest. This does not mean that business activities or making a profit are not encouraged, they are but as long as they dont involve interest in any form. To fulfil this purpose, financial instruments have been introduced by the Islamic financial institutions to satisfy these requirements. An example that can be seen is that equity financing is used instead of debt financing. Furthermore, instead of giving a fixed interest rate on the savings account, Islamic banks offer a share of the bank's profit, as a return on deposits and this is around 5% annually. HISTORY The modern banking system was introduced into the Muslim countries in the late 19th century when most of these countries were performing that well economically as well as politically. These banks founded branches in the capital cities of major Muslim countries to cater their business needs. However, the branches were limited to the capital cities and the other surrounding cities were totally ignored by the banking system. Nevertheless, most local businesses still refrained from engaging with these commercial banks, mainly for religious reasons. The reason behind this is that banks operate on the basis of charging interest, a concept totally forbidden by Islam. As time went by however, it became challenging to avoid commercial banks. They were more efficient in certain banking aspects such as money transfers and current accounts, but borrowing loans and opening saving deposits were still avoided due to the prohibited interest issue. As the second half of the 20th century has witnessed, any business-related transaction almost always involves a bank and hence, avoiding the modern banking system has become virtually impossible. Banks extended into local communities and thus, forced themselves into almost every kind of business and their related transactions. This is when many Muslim intellectuals recognized the need for an Islamic banking system that will serve the needs of Muslims from the business point of view and at the same time respecting the codes of Islam. Islamic banking as an institution has been around for 25 years but interest-free banks have also been tried before. There was one such bank in Malaysia in the mid-forties and one in Pakistan in the late fifties. Neither of them survived. The early seventies saw the institutional involvement. The Islamic Development Bank, an inter-governmental bank was established in 1975. The first private interest-free bank, the Dubai Islamic Bank was also setup in 1975 by a group of businessmen from several countries. Two more private banks were founded in 1977 under the name of Faisal Islamic Bank in Egypt and Sudan. Twenty-five years since the establishment of the first Islamic bank, more than 150 Islamic institutions have come into existence. Though most of these are in Muslim countries, there are some in Western Europe as well as in North America and Asia. PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC BANKING The Islamic banking system follows certain, yet simple, rules set by the Quran and the Shariah (Islamic law), which if deviated from the system becomes un-Islamic. These are summarized as follows: 1. Any predetermined payment or benefit over and above the actual amount of principal is prohibited: Islam allows only the type of loan in which interest of any form is not charged. Interest in this case is in either monetary form or other beneficiary forms such as using the borrowers property, etc. in return for the lent money. In other words, any type of benefit received by the lender from the borrower in return for lending the money is prohibited. This is different however from the concept of profit-sharing which will be explained next. This is different from the typical loan types of commercial banks which impose interest on loans in some form or the other. 2. The lender must share in the profits or losses arising out of the enterprise for which the money was lent: One of the basic concepts of Islamic banking is to share profits as well as losses. In this way, the lender and borrower become partners rather than creditor and debtor. The incentive behind this is to make both parties