Mananaging Social Anxiety Disorder - Free Essay Example

MANAGING SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER INTRODUCTION 1. The concept of fear dated back as far as 400 BC. During this time, Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician described the overly shy person as â€Å"someone who loves darkness as life and thinks every man observes him†. When fear is persistent and exaggerated, it results to tension and stress and consequently, anxiety. 2. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines anxiety as â€Å"a nervous disorder marked by a feeling of uneasiness†. An anxiety disorder involves an excessive or inappropriate state of arousal characterized by feelings of apprehension, uncertainty, or fear. There are seven common types of anxiety disorders. They include generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and phobias. Others are, post-traumatic stress disorder, separation disorder, and social anxiety disorder (SAD) which is the focus of this paper. 3. The Microsoft Encarta defines SAD as â€Å"the fear of being public ly scrutinized and humiliated†. It exceeds normal fear and sometimes leads to excessive social avoidance and substantial social or occupational impairment. The fear may be made worse by a lack of social skills or experience in social situations. 4. The most common type of SAD is the fear of public speaking or performing in front of an audience. While everyone must have experienced anxiety at one point in time, people with SAD suffer from anxiety almost all the time. Sometimes, it can be so severe that they begin to experience panic. Sadly, most of these individuals think they can never control their fears or find a way out of this condition. While this may be true, it is important to note that effects of SAD can be resolved. The purpose of this paper therefore is to highlight ways of dealing with SAD. The paper will take a look at the types of SAD and the causes of SAD. Thereafter it will focus on the signs and symptoms of SAD and lastly it will examine the possible ways of managing SAD. AIM 5. The aim of this paper is to discuss the management of SAD. TYPES OF SAD 6. There are two main types of SAD. They are: a. Generalised SAD. b. Specific SAD. 7. Generalised SAD. A generalized SAD refers to fears associated with most social and performance situations such as speaking to authority figures, going on dates, starting conversations, and giving speeches. It is a more severe form of anxiety disorder and is thus, usually accompanied by greater impairment in day-to-day functioning. . Specific SAD. Specific SAD involves the fear a particular situation. For example, an individual may be able to dance comfortably in a party yet have a dreadful fear of speaking in public. Therefore the individual avoids public speaking as much as possible. CAUSES OF SAD 9. The causes of SAD include the following: a. Hereditary factors such as genes and abnormal chromosomes. b. Over protective upbringing thereby causing the child to lack self initiative or self confidence. c. Parental deprivation or attention-deficit causing the child to become withdrawn even when in the company of others. . Psychosocial factors which deals with the physical and psychological aspects of an individual. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SAD 10. According to Sidney Herbert, a social psychologist, the signs and symptoms of SAD can be viewed from 3 main aspects. They are: a. Cognitive Aspects. b. Behavioural Aspects. c. Physiological Aspects. 11. Cognitive Aspects. In cognitive models of SAD, social phobics experience great anticipation over how they will be presented to others. They may be overly self-conscious, pay high self-attention after the activity, or have high performance standards for themselves. Many times, prior to the potentially anxiety-provoking social situation, sufferers may deliberately go over what could go wrong and how to deal with each unexpected case. Consequently, they may have the perception they performed unsatisfactory. 12. Behavioural Aspects. The behaviou ral symptoms of SAD manifest in individuals when faced with almost any type of social interaction. Possible symptoms such as the mind going blank, increased heartbeat, blushing, stomach ache, nausea, and gagging may occur, thus resulting in self-defeating and inaccurate thoughts. 13. Physiological Aspects. Physiological effects, similar to those in other anxiety disorders, are present in social phobics. For example, when faced with an uncomfortable situation, children with SAD may display tantrums, weeping, clinging to parents, and shutting themselves out. In adults, it may manifest as tears, excessive sweating, nausea, shaking, and palpitations as a result of the fight-or-flight response. Additionally, blushing may be exhibited by the individuals thus, further reinforcing the anxiety in the presence of others. POSSIBLE WAYS OF MANAGING SAD 14. SAD could be managed in the following ways: a. Reducing physical symptoms of anxiety. b. Challenging Negative Thoughts. c. Gradually F acing Your Fears. 15. Reducing Physical Symptoms of Anxiety. Many changes happen in the body when a person becomes anxious. One of the first changes is that the individual experiences an increased breathing rate. Breathing rapidly throws off the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body thereby, triggering additional physical anxiety symptoms such as dizziness, a feeling of suffocation, increased heart rate, and muscle tension. Learning to slow down breathing can help bring physical symptoms of anxiety back under control. In addition to deep breathing exercises, regular practice of relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, and progressive muscle relaxation will also help one get control thereby reducing the physical symptoms of anxiety. 16. Challenging Negative Thoughts. People who suffer from SAD usually have negative thoughts and beliefs that contribute to their anxiety. For example, thoughts such as â€Å"I know I will end up looking like a fool†, â€Å"pe ople will think I am stupid†, or â€Å"I will not have anything to say† often reoccur. Challenging these negative thoughts, either through therapy or on your own, is one effective way to reduce the symptoms of SAD. The first step is to identify the automatic negative thoughts that underlie your fear of social situations. The next step is to analyze and challenge them. Through logical evaluations of negative thoughts, a person can gradually replace them with more realistic and positive ways of looking at social situations that trigger anxiety, therefore gradually eliminating that particular fear. 17. Gradually Facing Your Fears. One of the most helpful things you can do to overcome SAD is to face the social situations you fear rather than avoid them. Avoidance keeps SAD going. It prevents you from becoming more comfortable in social situations and learning how to cope. In fact, the more you avoid a feared social situation, the more frightening it becomes. The key i s to start with a situation that you can handle and gradually, work your way up to more challenging situations. In addition, improving your communication skills helps as good relationships depend on clear, emotionally-intelligent communication. This would greatly assist in reducing SAD. CONCLUSION 18. Fear and stress reactions are essential for human survival. They enable people to pursue important goals and to respond appropriately to danger. However, when fear becomes so intense particularly when confronted with social functions, it is could result to SAD. 19. SAD may be of the general type which is a more severe form of anxiety disorder and is thus, usually accompanied by greater impairment in day-to-day functioning. Specific SAD on the other hand involves the fear a particular situation. 20. SAD may be caused by factors ranging from hereditary to psychosocial and the signs and symptoms could be visible from cognitive, behavioural or physiological perspectives. 1. While most p eople with SAD think they can never find remedy to their condition, methods such as reducing physical symptoms of anxiety, challenging negative thoughts and gradually facing your fears could help in managing the condition. REFERENCES 1. Mental Health: Social Anxiety Disorder. Webmd. com. https://www. webmd. com/anxiety-panic/guide/ 04-14-2010-. 2. Richard G. Heimberg Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment, Guilford Press pp. 29–30. 3. Pittler MH, Ernst E Kava extract for treating anxiety. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) 4. Furmark, Thomas. Social Phobia – From Epidemiology to Brain Function. Retrieved February 21, 2006. 5. Shyness Social Anxiety Treatment Australia Social Phobia – Causes. Retrieved February 22, 2006. 6. Studying Brain Activity Could Aid Diagnosis Of Social Phobia. Monash University. January 19, 2006. 7. Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder. American Family Physician. Nov 15, 1999. 8 . Surgeon General Adults and Mental Health 1999. [ 1 ]. Webmd. Mental Health: Social Anxiety Disorder. Webmd. com. https://www. webmd. om/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-social-anxiety-disorder. Retrieved 2010-04-14. [ 2 ]. Richard G. Heimberg Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment, Guilford Press pp. 29–30. [ 3 ]. Pittler MH, Ernst E (2003). Kava extract for treating anxiety. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (1): CD003383. doi:10. 1002/14651858. CD003383. PMID 12535473. [ 4 ]. Sorrentino L, Capasso A, Schmidt M (September 2006). Safety of ethanolic kava extract: Results of a study of chronic toxicity in rats. Phytomedicine 13 (8): 542–9. doi:10. 1016/j. phymed. 2006. 01. 006. PMID 16904878.

Back to School Top Tips to Help Students Settle In

As soon as your students set foot in the classroom on the first day of school, its important to make them feel welcome and comfortable. Students spend the majority of their day in the classroom and the more you can do to make it feel like a second home, the better. Here are the top 6 ways to welcome students back to school after a long summer break. Send Home a Welcome Packet A few weeks before school starts, send home a welcome letter  introducing yourself. Include things like how many pets you have, if you have children, things you like to do outside of school. This will help students (and their parents) connect with you on a personal level. You can also include specific information in the packet such as supplies needed, the expectations you have for them throughout the year, class schedule and rules, etc. so they are prepared ahead of time. This welcome packet will help put students at ease and help alleviate those first day jitters that they might have. Create an Inviting Classroom One of the easiest ways to welcome students is to create an inviting classroom. Your classroom should feel warm and inviting from the second they enter the door on day one. A great way for students to feel like their classroom is theirs is to include them in the classroom decorating process. During the first weeks back to school, encourage students to create drawings and projects that can be displayed in the classroom. Conduct a Teacher Interview Even if youve  provided some basic information about yourself in the welcome packet, students may still have a few questions once they get to the classroom. On the first day of school, have students partner up and prepare a few questions for a personal interview with you. Once each interview is over, gather the class as a whole and have each team choose their favorite question and answer to share with the rest of the class. Provide a Story Beginning on the first day of school, set the mood each morning with a story. In the first few weeks, students may be feeling uneasy and insecure. To alleviate these feelings and let students know that they are not feeling alone, choose a different story each morning. Books are a great way to open up communication about how the students are feeling. Here are a few recommended books to use during the first week of school. First Day Jitters, By Julie DannenbergSplat the Cat: Back to School, Splat! by Rob ScottonBack to School Rules, By Laurie B. FreidmanThe Night Before First Grade, By Natasha WingHow I Spent My Summer Vacation, By Mark Teague Create a Scavenger Hunt A scavenger hunt can help students become familiar with their new classroom. For younger students, create a list with pictured clues that they need to find and check off as they go. Include items such as find the puzzles, book corner, cubbie, etc. For the older students, create a checklist and list things such as look for the homework basket, look for the class rules, etc. Continue with items to find in and around the classroom. Once the scavenger hunt is completed, have them hand their completed sheet in for a prize.   Provide Ice Breaker Activities The first day of school can be very awkward when students do not recognize any familiar faces. To break the ice and thaw out some of the first day jitters, provide a few fun activities like two truths and a lie, a human scavenger hunt, or trivia.

The Third Amendment Conservative Perspectives

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.The Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects American citizens from being forced to use their homes to board members of the U.S. military. The amendment does not extend the same privilege to American citizens during times of war. The laws relevance diminished greatly after the American Civil War and is largely archaic in the 21st Century. During the American Revolution, colonists were frequently forced to house British soldiers on their property during times of war and peace. Very often, these colonists would find themselves being forced to put up and feed entire regiments of the Crown, and the soldiers werent always good house guests. Article III of the Bill of Rights was created to do away with the troublesome British law, known as the Quartering Act, that permitted this practice.In the 20th century, however, members of the U.S. Supreme Court have referenced the Third Amendment in privacy rights cases. In most recent cases, however, the Ninth and Fourteenth amendments are cited more frequently and are more applicable to defending Americans right to privacy.Although it is occasionally the subject of far-fetched lawsuits, there have been a few cases in which the Third Amendment played an important role. For that reason, the amendment has never suffered a significant challenge for repeal. For conservatives generally, and cultural conservatives, in particular, the Third Amendment serves as a reminder of this nations early struggles against oppression.

Nursing Health History and Care Plan Free Essay Example, 4250 words

The client was breastfed purely during the first three months and on the fourth month, vegetable and fruit juices are slowly introduced with no known adverse reactions or allergies noted. The client, G, is a six month and 27 days old male with a height of 71.5 weight 8.5 and a physical development appropriate to his age. The mother of the client rates his child s health as 9/10 with chief complaints of a cough that worsens at night, difficulty in breathing, running nose, and audible wheeze. In one year, the mother of the client would want to fully develop and strengthen the immune system of her client. The mother of the client stated that her child s immunizations are up to date. Client s mother states that she visits the GP when she feels the child is unwell. On the other hand, she admitted that she and the father of the child smoke 5 -10 sticks of tobacco per day making the child exposed to tobacco smoke while the parents are at home. The client is lying with his upper torso eleva ted in bed. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Health History and Care Plan or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The skin is pink and noncyanotic. The texture of the skin is soft with no apparent lesions. No swelling or edema noted.

Edexcel AS Physics in 100 pages - 19416 Words

Edexcel AS Physics in 100 Pages -----an easy-to-understand textbook exam preparation guide Copyright  ©2011 by Yajun Wei All rights reserved under international Copyright Conventions. No part of the text of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing by the publisher, except by reviewers or catalogues not limited to online for purpose of promotion. Front Cover photo by Fritz Diorico Back Cover photo by Yajun Wei Edexcel AS Physics in 100 Pages / Yajun Wei.--1st ed. ISBN 978-1-257-84056-4. Edexcel AS Physics in 100 Pages -----an easy-to-understand textbook exam preparation guide Yajun Wei†¦show more content†¦15 1.3 Motion and Force ........................................................................................... 16 Newton’s First Law ...................................................................................... 16 Newton’s Second Law ................................................................................. 16 Newton’s Third Law .................................................................................... 17 Free-body diagram ....................................................................................... 17 Centre of gravity centre of mass .............................................................. 18 1.4 Motion in two dimensions—Projectile motion .............................................. 19 Projectile motion .......................................................................................... 19 Vertical projection ........................................................................................ 20 Horizontal projection ................................................................................... 20 1.5 Work and Energy............................................................................................ 23 Energy conservation..................................................................................... 23 Kinetic energyShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Projectile?4393 Words   |  18 Pages â€Æ' What is a projectile? In â€Å"what is a projectile† (Physics Classroom, 2015), a projectile is a moving object and the only force acting upon it is gravity. The actual path of a projectile could vary according to the position and direction of the launch of the projectile. The image ‘types of projectiles’ (2015) shows three types of projectiles. P1 is the projectile which has the movement only in vertical direction while P2 has more vertical and a little horizontal motion thus moving in two dimensions

Putting A Tax On Junk Food Essay - 1943 Words

That has gone without, including paying for breakfast to be held in schools as kids won’t be getting a decent breakfast at home because their parents and guardians would have to pay more for the food that they want. However, I personally don’t agree with this statement, from my perspective, putting a tax on junk food won’t necessarily eradicate the obesity and type 2 diabetes epidemics from overconsuming junk foods, but it will reduce the consumption by a certain amount, however it’s something that’s not going to happen overnight. This is similar to smoking in the sense that smoking is taxed because it’s pernicious not only to the person concerned, but the society around them and even though smoking is taxed, people are still prepared to buy cigarettes at a ridiculously expensive price so they can still smoke, but the number of people that smoke has decreased by a reasonable amount. Therefore if the government puts a tax on junk food it will have a corresponding effect as to how smoking was taxed. The government must establish a tax on all unhealthy foods and uses the money to subsidize fruit and vegetables and promote and educate healthy eating in schools. By doing this type two diabetes and obesity and the health issues that have been derived from these epidemics will decrease this will mean that more people will be healthier and therefore live longer. At the moment junk food is ludicrously cheap; you just have to go into your local supermarket to see that a bottle ofShow MoreRelatedPutting A Tax On Junk Food Essay1927 Words   |  8 Pagesbreakfast to be held in schools as kids won’t be getting a decent breakfast at home because their parents and guardians would be having to pay more for the food that they want. 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This tax would make junk food, and some other non-nutritional food, more expensive than the produce thatRead MoreJunk Food Taxes1144 Words   |  5 Pagesof implementing a junk food tax was proposed by several experts. The purpose of the tax was to decrease the consumption of unhealthy foods. This tax would also generate revenue earmarked for relevant causes, such as; improving diet, obesity prevention, and nutriti on education. The underlying purpose is to focus on maximizing health benefits. It has sparked controversy on the levels of additional bureaucracy, interfering with personal liberties, and freedom of choice. Junk-Food Taxes Introduction Read MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough it is well known that junk food leads to health risks and obesity, people are still putting unhealthy food into their body daily.   The United States has the highest obesity rate in the world by 6% and the government should be helping to lower that percentage (http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Health/Obesity).   The best for the United States to help the obesity rate is by implementing a fat tax.   A fat tax is a tax on foods that are considered unhealthy and are believed to leadRead MoreArgument and Persuasion Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesLiving Eating unhealthy foods is one of the major causes of obesity today; but should there be a higher tax on all soft drinks and junk food? Should people be punished for eating what they want? Yes, there are health risks involved with an unhealthy diet but is a higher taxing on these foods the right alternative? With the price of healthcare raising maybe the extra tax could help alleviate it, maybe not. Perhaps the higher tax will turn people away from buying unhealthy foods and drinks. ConsumingRead MoreCutting A Tax On Junk Food961 Words   |  4 PagesRaising food taxes is the topic of the editorial article â€Å"Slapping a tax on junk food is still a bad idea† by the Globe and Mail. The writer states that raising taxes is not the answer to decrease high obesity rates and instead suggests that moderation and lifestyle are key to enjoying food. The editorial also acknowledges the increasing amount of attention we give to this problem now that it has grown larger and more com plex. Also, an increase of taxes ultimately allow the consumers to haveRead MoreShould Junk Food Be Taxed More?1738 Words   |  7 PagesShould Junk Food be taxed more to discourage consumption? Junk Food should be taxed more for reasons such as Obesity, Diabetes, and High Blood Pressure, etc. These health risks are linked to the consumption of Junk Food, which is consumed every day by many Americans. â€Å"10 percent tax would reduce consumption of soda by 8 to 10 percent.† Even though some people believe that Junk Food Tax won’t curb the many diseases linked to it, Junk Food Taxes could decrease the risks of diseases, limit consumptionRead MoreWhat Can We Do?1526 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Can We Do Ever wanted to grab something to eat, and all the cheap food options were where junk food? Have you ever once gone out of the way to go to a grocery store to not have enough money to spend on fruits, and vegetables, but end up buying 5 cartons of ramen noodles instead? Majority of our foods that are easily accessible are processed, therefore making junk food enticing and easier to buy. 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Obesity is caused by an over consumption of unhealthy foods and unhealthy foods are foods that classified as being high in sugar, fat and sodium. Over eating/ drinking these products not only lead to obesity, but also type 2 diabetes. According to www.diabetes.org type two diabetes contributes to a variety of different health

What Is Marketing Research Why Is It Needed by Companies free essay sample

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES Undergraduate Coursework Accountability Statement (To be completed by student) ACADEMIC YEAR: 2009/2010 SEMESTER: SUMMER COURSE CODE: MKTG3000_3 TITLE: Marketing Management NAME: Troy Lamontagne ID: 03620362 ASSIGNMENT: Graded Mini Essay What is marketing research? Why is it needed by companies? 1. I hereby certify that I am the author of the attached item of coursework and that all materials from reference sources have been properly acknowledged. . I understand what plagiarism is and what penalties may be imposed on students found guilty of plagiarism. 3. I certify that this paper contains no plagiarised material. 4. I certify that this is my own work and that I did not receive any unfair assistance from others (including unauthorized collaboration) in its preparation. 5. I certify that this paper has not previously been submitted either in its entirety or in part within the UWI system or to any other educational institution. 6. In the case of group work: a. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Marketing Research? Why Is It Needed by Companies? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I certify that the individual work of each member of the group has been clearly indicated; b. that where no such indication has been given, I take the responsibility for the work as if it were the section of the paper for which I am solely responsible; and c. that I have not collaborated with any members of the group to breach the University’s regulations. Signature: Troy Lamontagne Date: Saturday 3rd July 2010 WHAT IS MARKETING RESEARCH? WHY IS IT NEEDED BY COMPANIES? a. Definitions and Objectives: Green and Tull have defined marketing research as â€Å"†¦ the systematic and objective search for, and analysis of, information relevant to the identification and solution of any problem in the field of marketing. † It seeks to understand the best ways to connect a consumer and a product, with the hope that the consumer will buy. This involves assessing the marketing strategy in use for that product or product line, and finding out whether they are working. This also involves studying the marketing techniques of other companies. Marketers begin research with a problem or a question. They want to know why a particular market is doing well or not doing well and what can be done to change that. They may also want to know why consumers are not buying some products, but purchasing similar products. Research is then done to answer the question, and that answer can be turned into a marketing technique that may get better results. There are two types of marketing research. The first is consumer market research. The goal is to study the purchasing habits of consumers. This can be done by tallying up how much of a product is sold, through surveys or via other means. The information gathered from consumers can be used to analyze current marketing campaigns and to create new ones. The second type of marketing research is business to business research, which studies how businesses sell products and services to other businesses. For example, Company A sells computer equipment to companies B and C. Someone may be interested in seeing how companies B and C found out about the equipment, how company A marketed its product and how good the market for that product is. Some of the important business decisions that a market research helps and aids is product line, choice of a good location, sales projections, pricing strategy, where to advertise, offering credit, how much capital might be required, how much floor space might be required, how much inventory might be ordered, how much equipment and supplies would be required or how many employees should be hired. Explanation and Process: As an aspect of marketing activities, marketing research can be broken down into primary and secondary research. Primary research, involves the compilation of research for the purpose it was intended. Secondary research, is initially conducted for one purpose, but often used to support another purpose. By these definitions, an example of primary research would be market research conducted into health foods, which is used solely to ascertain the needs/wants of the target market for health foods. Secondary research, according to the above definition, would be research pertaining to health foods, but used by a firm wishing to develop an unrelated product. There also exist other modes of marketing research: Exploratory research has the goal of formulating problems more precisely, clarifying concepts, gathering explanations, gaining insight, and forming hypotheses. It can be performed using a literature search, surveying certain people about their experience, focus groups and case studies. Descriptive research seeks to describe users of a product, determine the proportion of the population that uses the product or predict future demand for a product. Causal research seeks to find cause and effect relationships between variables. It accomplishes this goal through laboratory and field experiments. Conclusion: Marketing Research is valuable for generating new concepts, getting feedback on proposed advertising or gaining insight into attitudes and opinions about a new product. The distinction between marketing within a firms home country and marketing within external markets is disappearing. Cognizant of this, firms need to reorient their marketing strategies to meet the challenges of the global marketplace, in addition to sustaining their competitiveness within home markets. Social norms affect business practices, since they are a factor in the demand for a product. In the tobacco industry, for example, adolescents in developing countries are often the focus for the marketing and advertisement campaigns due to their vulnerability. Tobacco companies will often use symbols and fabrications in western society associated with smoking as a means of attracting these prospective consumers. A company marketing pork would experience less sales in an Islamic country, than it would in China, which is the worlds largest consumer of pork. Marketing research does not make decisions and it does not guarantee success. Marketing managers may seek advice from marketing research specialists. It is important that research reports specify alternative courses of action and the probability of success, of these alternatives. However, it is marketing managers who make the final marketing decision and not the researcher. The second observation, that marketing research does not guarantee success, is simply recognition of the environment within which marketing takes place. Consider the marketing problem of determining how much to spend on a promotion in order to achieve a given market share. The link between promotional expenditure and sales is not so direct. There are many more intervening variables, including: the medium used to advertise, the effectiveness of the promotional message, the length and frequency of the campaign, not to mention the many dimensions of the product, price and distribution. References Green, P. E. , Tull, D. S. and Albaum, G (1993), Research For Marketing Decisions, 5th edition, Prentice-Hall Kerlinger, FN. (1994) Foundations of Behavioural Research, 1st edition, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p. 174. QuickMBA. Marketing. Retrieved July 3, 2010, from http://www. quickmba. com/marketing/research/